Sample (N [%] unless noted)

Duration of pain (years), (mean [SD])

8.1 (10.8)

Pain intensity (mean [SD])

7.1 (2.0)

Regions of chronic pain

Head, face, mouth

55 (6.4)

Cervical region

64 (7.5)

Upper shoulder & upper limbs

117 (13.7)

Thoracic region

24 (2.8)

Abdominal region

29 (3.4)

Lower back, lumbar to coccyx

318 (37.2)

Lower limbs

161 (18.8)

Pelvic region

15 (1.7)

Anal, perineal & genital region

2 (0.2)

More than three sites

70 (8.2)

Body systems

Nervous (physical)

154 (26.8)

Nervous (psychological/social)

25 (4.4)

Respiratory & cardiovascular

6 (1.0)

Musculoskeletal/connective tissue

351 (61)

Cutaneous/subcutaneous/gland

1 (0.17)

Gastro-intestinal

9 (1.6)

Genito-urinary

7 (1.2)

Other organs or viscera

1 (0.17)

More than one system

20 (3.5)

Unknown

1 (0.17)

Aetiologies

Genetic or congenital

54 (9.5)

Trauma/operation/burns

172 (30.2)

Infective

6 (1.0)

Inflammatory/immune reactions

44 (7.7)

Neoplasm

3 (0.53)

Toxic/metabolic

8 (1.4)

Degenerative/mechanical

226 (39.65)

Dysfunctional (psycho-physiologic)

25 (4.4)

Psychological (no physical cause)

28 (4.9)

Unknown

4 (0.7)